See parfum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "parfume"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "parfum"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Parfüm"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "parfum"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "parfjum",
"word": "парфюм"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "parfüm"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "parfum"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "parfums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"10": "{{{f}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{f}}}s",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "parfums",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{pl2}}}",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "p",
"g": "m",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "parfum m (plural parfums)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "parfum m (plural parfums)",
"name": "frm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 7 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
135,
141
]
],
"ref": "1561, Hypnerotomachie, folio 26v:",
"text": "[…] de laquelle ces Nymphes mes conduyctrices mirẽt quelque peu en ce vaſe, & par deſſus aucunes gommes & bois odorant, dont ce fit vn parfum beaucoup plꝰ ſouef que celuy d’oyſeletz de Cypre.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"perfume"
],
"id": "en-parfum-frm-noun-N-z1Icj0",
"links": [
[
"perfume",
"perfume"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "parfumier"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "parfum"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "parfume"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "parfum"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Parfüm"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "parfum"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "parfjum",
"word": "парфюм"
},
{
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "parfüm"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "parfum"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "parfums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"10": "{{{f}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{f}}}s",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "parfums",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{pl2}}}",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "p",
"g": "m",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "parfum m (plural parfums)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "parfum m (plural parfums)",
"name": "frm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "parfumier"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle French countable nouns",
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French masculine nouns",
"Middle French nouns",
"Middle French terms with quotations",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for translations of Middle French quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
135,
141
]
],
"ref": "1561, Hypnerotomachie, folio 26v:",
"text": "[…] de laquelle ces Nymphes mes conduyctrices mirẽt quelque peu en ce vaſe, & par deſſus aucunes gommes & bois odorant, dont ce fit vn parfum beaucoup plꝰ ſouef que celuy d’oyſeletz de Cypre.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"perfume"
],
"links": [
[
"perfume",
"perfume"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "parfum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for parfum meaning in Middle French (1.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.